{"id":"W3186939553","doi":"10.1186/s12960-021-00629-5","title":"Variations in regulations to control standards for training and licensing of physicians: a multi-country comparison","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Human Resources for Health","topic":"Innovations in Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Medical Research Council; UK Research and Innovation","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Licensure; Public health; Health administration; Control (management); Medicine; Economic shortage; Medical education; Business; Nursing; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008382975,0.00007537082,0.0003640347,0.0001884659,0.0002409759,0.00001484207,0.00003070421,0.00005365309,0.000007582345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0013973,0.00008227755,0.00003357669,0.0003703162,0.00004969062,0.00003363186,0.000007826493,0.0001077585,1.108151e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002029936,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004508598,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006447463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004416124,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988303,0.00004056986,0.0005231621,0.0001910759,0.0002037371,0.0002111641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988223,0.0001809716,0.0001835766,0.0001591026,0.0006045199,0.00004955367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001081631,0.003945455,0.03785426,0.007329186,0.0003914202,0.000002799029,0.4319469,0.002315844,0.01219074,0.09267852,0.04839467,0.3618686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02012915,0.001802592,0.5206966,0.004010749,0.0002175488,0.00001578597,0.04631683,0.1313423,0.0003594071,0.001534714,0.2731482,0.0004261548],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7917511,0.0003348859,0.1883958,0.01725891,0.0001314151,0.001769491,0.0002169953,0.00003093792,0.0001104869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9297863,0.000003435752,0.06487821,0.004763515,0.0001791072,0.0001186862,0.0001526371,0.00001810193,0.000099959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4828423,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3355181,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05768509636714168,"score_gpt":0.4345784689020951,"score_spread":0.3768933725349534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}