{"id":"W3187789141","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2021.1954022","title":"Structural Conditions as Cause: Explaining the Rapid Rise in Youth E-Cigarette Use by Re-thinking Models of Addiction","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Substance Use & Misuse","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Public Health Ontario; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit; University of Toronto","funders":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care","keywords":"Addiction; Phenomenon; Surprise; Psychology; Social phenomenon; Social psychology; Field (mathematics); Multitude; Criminology; Psychiatry; Sociology; Epistemology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002912496,0.0005683231,0.000457715,0.002210149,0.00108362,0.003766532,0.001510823,0.001940927,0.005189917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004274542,0.0003112974,0.001250042,0.0007596372,0.01322188,0.00657584,0.003249776,0.003344639,0.0004347716],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003359339,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002584994,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004327621,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005073676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990891,0.0005259908,0.00003216582,0.0001327983,0.00009976274,0.0001201369],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968264,0.001891284,0.0005101383,0.000225633,0.0002275994,0.0003189473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004592495,0.00009435104,0.01573015,0.0001636302,0.00003638025,0.0006505157,0.01247902,0.001889682,0.0003147036,0.9510049,0.001720973,0.01586981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001716128,0.00003955021,0.006854471,0.0001491647,0.00004024505,0.0006070736,0.005266747,0.008226864,0.0001447176,0.9692239,0.009408657,0.00002150234],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3845428,0.01830996,0.1821086,0.2297867,0.001498157,0.0002521858,0.000361297,0.0004035347,0.1827368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9810861,0.002802468,0.01167438,0.001861049,0.0002336988,0.00007507999,0.00005998939,0.00003298792,0.002174136],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005189917,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02437377,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07198676963762579,"score_gpt":0.3067420720236968,"score_spread":0.234755302386071,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}