{"id":"W3188186504","doi":"10.5430/ijhe.v11n1p85","title":"Academic Writing Groups in Higher Education: History and State of Play","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Discipline; Phenomenon; Academic writing; Context (archaeology); Higher education; Mathematics education; Graduate students; Pedagogy; Sociology; Psychology; Social science; Political science; Epistemology; History","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gpt","categories":["scholarly_communication"],"domain":null,"study_design":"systematic_review","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"grok","categories":["scholarly_communication"],"domain":null,"study_design":"systematic_review","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"opus","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"systematic_review","genre":"review","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"medium","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004436641,0.0001080071,0.0002161133,0.0003532266,0.00006535147,0.000009848117,0.0002215736,0.0001166551,0.003305042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001043404,0.0001090457,0.00006264367,0.0001466079,0.00005648935,0.000417873,0.00005843522,0.0006903739,0.00001755492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009979479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004069225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001008611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003004991,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980465,0.000240969,0.001012763,0.0001568454,0.000375936,0.0001670127],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970777,0.000266851,0.0008257552,0.0001224893,0.001581645,0.0001255638],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002400883,0.002977091,0.3493271,0.0004350515,0.0003182216,0.0000197207,0.03192163,0.00009443821,0.005489473,0.276304,0.256953,0.07592025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004307204,0.00002299771,0.6153366,0.0005995102,0.00001770313,0.0000241585,0.002344988,0.000002886017,0.00003209311,0.007266772,0.3738265,0.00009505716],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.900519,0.024136,0.00001298436,0.03579516,0.02593843,0.0001388364,0.000009936207,0.000009992072,0.01343961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9581281,0.001359333,0.0006241311,0.002047518,0.002253526,0.00002638569,0.00002698161,0.00001619446,0.03551783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2690372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9976061,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1581350548309124,"score_gpt":0.5122475968170621,"score_spread":0.3541125419861497,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}