{"id":"W3189749082","doi":"","title":"Why Comparability is a Greater Problem Than Greenwashing in ESG ETFs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Issuer; Business; Greenwashing; Comparability; Product (mathematics); Marketing; Accounting; Corporate social responsibility; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001783889,0.0002102888,0.0004936285,0.000266073,0.0001788878,0.0001449591,0.0003146465,0.0001359576,0.0002394576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006818957,0.0002341807,0.0002108223,0.0006070328,0.0000456151,0.0004950788,0.00008284286,0.001680472,0.0001164329],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001402456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007658343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001004152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004089572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996345,0.00005086224,0.0007363315,0.0004899644,0.00006992845,0.002307959],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991504,0.00002940487,0.0002947416,0.0003536527,0.00008990777,0.00008186849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000357517,0.0001145723,0.7364504,0.00002546273,0.00007534739,0.00007702762,0.0008351021,0.00005729347,0.00000316596,0.259561,0.0006463327,0.002118497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001347234,0.0001558352,0.07690652,0.00004233258,0.000008449759,0.0005079174,0.001921384,0.0003505383,0.00006313752,0.8920413,0.02626466,0.0003907111],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9697959,0.009600973,0.004323756,0.007767818,0.0001687414,0.0001657482,0.00001259858,0.00002545456,0.008139033],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924243,0.001510639,0.0001666915,0.001095253,0.0001498714,0.00001436789,0.00000513572,0.00003017434,0.004603584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6595439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9549612,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02037208920006619,"score_gpt":0.2200413795042857,"score_spread":0.1996692903042195,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}