{"id":"W3191044189","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.14642","title":"Practical Attacks on Voice Spoofing Countermeasures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Spoofing attack; Computer science; Computer security; Authentication (law); Adversarial system; Key (lock); Vulnerability (computing); Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003456964,0.0003011547,0.0003338327,0.0002270914,0.0001662229,0.000399696,0.001064582,0.0003173972,0.0001841894],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002778211,0.0003475792,0.0002744628,0.0003932311,0.0000775006,0.0004265305,0.00107339,0.0007767842,0.0004957468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002192196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003495965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005573144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005072202,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977959,0.0002825313,0.0001855251,0.001197396,0.0001999375,0.0003387565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997735,0.0004220307,0.0002024199,0.001170469,0.0002721026,0.0001980144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000709187,0.00490414,0.01422876,0.001091679,0.002651409,0.06316461,0.003137536,0.05988841,0.0009798181,0.7283174,0.03876236,0.08216467],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001759926,0.000243181,0.009489705,0.001490863,0.0003866628,0.000252001,0.001066248,0.9421316,0.006938686,0.0163895,0.01684635,0.003005284],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2405083,0.00002931754,0.7278079,0.0008598064,0.001331655,0.0002294892,0.00001256604,0.0004118365,0.02880919],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.989122,0.0001147729,0.008645713,0.0007143263,0.0001065636,9.481615e-7,0.00001093288,0.00001772926,0.001267007],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8822432,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1751455147135312,"score_gpt":0.2395126184190901,"score_spread":0.06436710370555884,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}