{"id":"W3191355350","doi":"10.1177/23328584211037253","title":"The Relationship Between Immigration Enforcement and Educational Attainment: The Role of Sanctuary Policies","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AERA Open","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Institute of Education Sciences","keywords":"Immigration; Deportation; Enforcement; Educational attainment; Law enforcement; Political science; State (computer science); Criminology; Immigration policy; Public administration; Politics; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Sociology; Law; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003854786,0.00006071302,0.00007835186,0.00001710249,0.0004839147,0.00007336356,0.0001804019,0.00003771138,0.0004517572],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008021116,0.00003847095,0.00002129438,0.0001208432,0.00006216602,0.00008995971,0.00006334061,0.00008786094,0.00003871834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001998996,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000145279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002022605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001559803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992065,0.0001713852,0.0002495688,0.0001242808,0.0001161363,0.0001320633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985262,0.0009952858,0.0001038214,0.0002742689,0.00005919582,0.00004121625],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001325741,0.00002092928,0.5402344,0.000004123413,0.00002395715,6.018497e-8,0.01270419,0.000001234925,0.000009419228,0.4372305,0.004168413,0.005589514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001972381,0.00002790702,0.9000285,0.000008322503,0.00001185301,0.000003062628,0.009150461,0.000005171716,0.0001086092,0.02615901,0.06425967,0.00004017787],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9287216,0.003026699,0.0000386308,0.01887915,0.0001487723,0.0005219755,0.00002179345,0.000005064199,0.04863629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950405,0.00005212845,0.00006053261,0.0004908555,0.0001420521,0.000121244,0.0001037497,0.00000532769,0.0039836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4110715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4946424,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0454547793525717,"score_gpt":0.3776577051238497,"score_spread":0.332202925771278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}