{"id":"W3191552262","doi":"10.29173/mlj1238","title":"Chapter 1 – Homegrown Terrorist Radicalization: The Toronto 18 in Comparative Perspectives","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Manitoba Law Journal","topic":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Radicalization; Terrorism; Ethnic group; Perspective (graphical); Criminology; Sociology; Political science; Law; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006049915,0.0001544246,0.0002317416,0.0000255568,0.001194114,0.0003805206,0.000411747,0.00009112179,0.00263919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000768854,0.0001155457,0.0001181133,0.0001434876,0.0006704564,0.0005410683,0.00005698606,0.0003911865,0.00003938596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005091205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001331216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02431194,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5387961,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979231,0.0005044253,0.0003288943,0.0002359861,0.0005393804,0.0004681501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990911,0.0001525156,0.0001053786,0.0001941142,0.0002435317,0.0002133938],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005045911,0.000307878,0.004641073,0.0000084952,0.00007541669,0.0003555229,0.5787933,0.00001149609,0.00004602848,0.4066744,0.002885605,0.006150261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002939916,0.00004007567,0.006067887,0.0000582598,0.00001512648,0.00007039936,0.9104608,0.0000394849,0.00003156927,0.004308304,0.078449,0.0001650873],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7598932,0.00680218,0.001156862,0.01750746,0.002667867,0.0003202013,0.00001634358,0.00007912084,0.2115568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996673,0.0005942789,0.00002746123,0.0009181095,0.00154998,0.00000768555,0.000001730176,0.0000103023,0.0002174754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5144841,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05421426169943367,"score_gpt":0.3417902270973444,"score_spread":0.2875759653979107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}