{"id":"W3192598715","doi":"10.1139/cjss-2021-0047","title":"Biochar in temperate soils: opportunities and challenges","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Soil Science","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Slash-and-char; Environmental science; Amendment; Temperate climate; Soil water; Soil fertility; Fertilizer; Carbon sequestration; Agronomy; Soil conditioner; Agroforestry; Pyrolysis; Soil science; Waste management; Ecology; Biology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001468272,0.0005536563,0.0009441817,0.0006785932,0.0004336989,0.001939653,0.000778606,0.001278085,0.001770688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009060631,0.000273677,0.0007480098,0.0008792086,0.0007445251,0.002326458,0.0009299771,0.001314672,0.0007056177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007557347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00158903,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002527243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005675123,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994763,0.0001184579,0.000057025,0.0001166166,0.0001564178,0.0000752194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993975,0.0002087451,0.00009589649,0.0000344443,0.0002096079,0.00005381112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003453796,0.0001471739,0.008117442,0.04459309,0.000398738,0.002775981,0.001172128,0.005720871,0.1333423,0.04419236,0.01696583,0.7422287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002340743,0.0004169374,0.01030005,0.004359975,0.0003320088,0.002802748,0.002438007,0.001657677,0.03215773,0.02889033,0.9165141,0.0001070609],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02483911,0.9516242,0.006960697,0.005609883,0.0007917599,0.00003735601,0.0003379222,0.00007482,0.009724298],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1054805,0.8827657,0.006022904,0.002230585,0.0006533575,0.00004188234,0.0002963575,0.00003802057,0.00247074],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002527243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007765055,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06637370946495605,"score_gpt":0.2217862954471913,"score_spread":0.1554125859822352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}