{"id":"W3192879709","doi":"","title":"THE CANADIAN DEFAMATION ACTION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Bar Review","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Punitive damages; Plaintiff; Damages; Tort; Liability; Law; Cause of action; Political science; Quarter (Canadian coin); Business; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002672632,0.0003896343,0.0006370021,0.009586046,0.01173794,0.003545875,0.002014672,0.0009731014,0.007305333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01592432,0.0004725805,0.00042536,0.02470004,0.002918302,0.001261257,0.00204432,0.001641312,0.0006567811],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.08317047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.08489975,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.99532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9972925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9946405,0.0003906218,0.0001844482,0.000408426,0.003031997,0.001343983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9764274,0.004532087,0.00450449,0.0006026653,0.01130251,0.002630814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002328372,0.0005019058,0.8230786,0.0004935599,0.00007359433,0.001276528,0.06496842,0.0007159146,0.0005060663,0.01311626,0.03599371,0.05904253],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001543382,0.00004477473,0.9088377,0.000135982,0.00002969392,0.0002175894,0.05085659,0.0005036721,0.0001773283,0.0002180234,0.03890474,0.00005858848],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9323341,0.001609255,0.0002884062,0.002674454,0.00003598048,0.0003412516,0.007612413,0.00003044853,0.05507361],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823411,0.002103888,0.0005946978,0.0005426882,0.00003124635,0.0001483261,0.003359014,0.00001928759,0.01085973],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9168295,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6034468,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2110663506590466,"score_gpt":0.4687210722191408,"score_spread":0.2576547215600942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}