{"id":"W3194491119","doi":"10.5194/acp-2021-654","title":"Radiative forcing by volcanic eruptions since 1990, calculated with a chemistry-climate model and a new emission inventory based on vertically resolved satellite measurements","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Stratosphere; Volcano; Aerosol; Atmospheric sciences; Radiative forcing; Sulfate aerosol; Troposphere; Environmental science; Radiative transfer; Forcing (mathematics); Vulcanian eruption; Climatology; Geology; Meteorology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003907648,0.0009035626,0.0006344513,0.0004500354,0.0005496264,0.0009081829,0.001036642,0.001201213,0.001496551],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007249805,0.000534267,0.001014838,0.0007616309,0.0005380341,0.0008401057,0.0005100877,0.0007847007,0.0002382896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001993506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001414653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09882655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04264893,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999872,0.00003306068,0.000007887502,0.00004015533,0.00001802022,0.00002890907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996687,0.0001294551,0.00004856075,0.00003121579,0.00007125516,0.00005085528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007822985,0.0000618652,0.01037874,0.00001983563,0.00005924311,0.00005954229,0.00001841307,0.9868399,0.001189857,0.000349266,0.0001803939,0.0007647387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008467659,0.00004211,0.00757472,0.000004314289,0.0000434082,0.00002026187,0.00002201764,0.9910799,0.0005553773,0.0002029774,0.0003545847,0.0000156029],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917879,0.0001299158,0.002902878,0.000179906,0.00003811122,0.00002487828,0.001987731,0.0001390674,0.002809695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996538,0.00007852214,0.001433649,0.00003167388,0.00001106784,0.00003540175,0.001259226,0.00002547739,0.0005870257],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09882655,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1965026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02759977905035389,"score_gpt":0.2240793537587171,"score_spread":0.1964795747083632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}