{"id":"W3195113604","doi":"10.5509/2021943465","title":"Are Economic Sanctions against North Korea Effective? Assessing Nighttime Light in 25 Major Cities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pacific Affairs","topic":"Diverse Topics in Contemporary Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Sanctions; China; Economic sanctions; Proxy (statistics); Economic geography; Development economics; Economics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006421866,0.0001523736,0.0002697922,0.0002056092,0.0006323491,0.0003961358,0.000277402,0.0001240849,0.0007855098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003258829,0.000167898,0.0001114026,0.0004505164,0.000311338,0.0006540607,0.0001263705,0.0003275005,0.0004581064],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000609282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005638663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003284227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01297935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979568,0.0005352354,0.0002429906,0.000443984,0.0003401462,0.0004808224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989068,0.000380577,0.0001271752,0.0003152016,0.0001139934,0.0001562827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003717219,0.000355816,0.8774492,0.0001181513,0.0002006583,0.001114065,0.03703086,0.0001385915,0.0002210609,0.03753378,0.0240697,0.02173096],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008097658,0.00002521268,0.04872134,0.0001921464,0.00001816866,0.000002918325,0.7930992,0.0001718131,0.0005118041,0.001812017,0.1540789,0.0005568229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09127165,0.0003272654,0.00003106568,0.001400856,0.0008544638,0.0002989374,0.00003350736,0.0000990037,0.9056833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824809,0.0001210842,0.0001229945,0.00001505602,0.0003385239,0.00006290096,0.000019306,0.00001811216,0.01682108],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8912093,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8600782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03274342843600728,"score_gpt":0.3065457478683607,"score_spread":0.2738023194323534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}