{"id":"W3195117954","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14641440.v1","title":"A ‘Natural’ Approach to Design","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Biomimetics; Artifact (error); Natural (archaeology); Reuse; Sustainability; Computer science; Sustainable design; Process (computing); Management science; Biochemical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Epistemology; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001884398,0.0001640218,0.0001579334,0.0000809706,0.00001719867,0.0002032298,0.000203081,0.0001304452,0.0004030372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007869022,0.0001649129,0.00005218765,0.0001395888,0.000003583833,0.00007124969,0.0001006107,0.0004959107,0.0002451557],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006484829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008627553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001611238,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001226599,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999303,0.00006240614,0.0001360427,0.0002328463,0.0001159815,0.0001497035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993426,0.00009028229,0.00001517972,0.0003952873,0.00005463489,0.0001020616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008680538,0.0001270008,0.000003702306,0.0004363851,0.0002148424,0.000006266958,0.003430405,0.5825047,0.002369903,0.001193236,0.3914938,0.01821102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003271767,0.0000232367,0.0009701752,0.0001928013,0.0001892781,0.00009326739,0.003255218,0.5387905,0.01499447,0.0007218434,0.437952,0.002490003],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003323184,0.0006130686,0.7510657,0.0002289162,0.00186282,0.0002778525,8.992516e-7,0.0004038555,0.2452145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4760137,0.00008722577,0.5115167,0.0008148371,0.0002269281,0.0001789549,0.00005558419,0.00005486615,0.01105121],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4756814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6724951,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05812810044943725,"score_gpt":0.2745990510344429,"score_spread":0.2164709505850056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}