{"id":"W3195117954","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14641440.v1","title":"A ‘Natural’ Approach to Design","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Design Education and Practice","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Analogy; Biomimetics; Artifact (error); Natural (archaeology); Reuse; Sustainability; Computer science; Sustainable design; Process (computing); Management science; Biochemical engineering; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Epistemology; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006870431,0.001223117,0.0006932581,0.002347471,0.002417702,0.008680338,0.003400246,0.003711505,0.01225599],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008787399,0.0008334285,0.001560569,0.001363662,0.02400931,0.008505575,0.004376989,0.005138626,0.004377001],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005407275,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004413395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002016176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002785791,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903813,0.005094956,0.000540041,0.001460382,0.002262835,0.0002605304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937022,0.002597383,0.000330392,0.001969612,0.001122283,0.0002781755],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000481681,0.00001527913,0.00007814635,0.0001346442,0.00001012185,0.00002441002,0.0004740817,0.001218895,0.0001906504,0.9854068,0.003140358,0.009301825],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001700245,0.00003473253,0.00008436998,0.0001645252,0.000009227573,0.0001568902,0.0002928875,0.002879715,0.0002881881,0.6958989,0.3001555,0.00001811079],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002057287,0.003538461,0.7210061,0.01417766,0.000861049,0.0002470283,0.0001217198,0.0004385606,0.2575522],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1835782,0.005599969,0.7185819,0.00755771,0.0007293275,0.001492643,0.0003716747,0.0004567919,0.08163183],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01225599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04100037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05812810044943725,"score_gpt":0.2745990510344429,"score_spread":0.2164709505850056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}