{"id":"W3195446130","doi":"10.3390/make3030034","title":"A Survey of Machine Learning-Based Solutions for Phishing Website Detection","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phishing; Computer science; The Internet; Computer security; Internet security; World Wide Web; Information security; Security service","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002424734,0.00184339,0.002017652,0.00787024,0.0007447099,0.001955776,0.0020327,0.001915021,0.00174714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007460431,0.0007765897,0.001606601,0.006488721,0.0005209175,0.003285732,0.0009572647,0.00199393,0.002889473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007811632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009512822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002696057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002390349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971272,0.000498621,0.0002726447,0.0006032208,0.001355664,0.0001425749],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948,0.002444525,0.0004316073,0.0006045792,0.001606549,0.0001126872],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001023404,0.0002966662,0.00591325,0.001526861,0.0001486124,0.00008049489,0.0001073144,0.004752824,0.002269144,0.002240659,0.01623594,0.9663258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008395478,0.001100536,0.03396172,0.003444532,0.0007919745,0.003524994,0.0009513946,0.5417031,0.04341999,0.0287279,0.3418741,0.0004159761],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03571674,0.3207044,0.6076649,0.004119409,0.001300379,0.0005154055,0.002040351,0.007203656,0.02073484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.279066,0.2494723,0.439339,0.002998276,0.002662248,0.0006150919,0.007589152,0.0005630068,0.017695],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00787024,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01282334,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03124810316152414,"score_gpt":0.2902130198347076,"score_spread":0.2589649166731834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}