{"id":"W3195446130","doi":"10.3390/make3030034","title":"A Survey of Machine Learning-Based Solutions for Phishing Website Detection","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phishing; Computer science; The Internet; Computer security; Internet security; World Wide Web; Information security; Security service","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001815693,0.0001876149,0.000249827,0.0002341058,0.0008777143,0.0001931818,0.0001374392,0.0001474938,0.00001975535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001584924,0.0002022042,0.0001109947,0.0007094202,0.00003603886,0.0004427361,0.00009616778,0.0006536962,0.00001155615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007132317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001129375,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001110561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004669997,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980321,0.00069072,0.0003215033,0.000482862,0.000164788,0.0003080172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981569,0.0008478569,0.0002612423,0.0002009471,0.000443802,0.00008923014],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003142455,0.0006769979,0.07859819,0.0004352889,0.0001392551,0.000009640134,0.001696517,0.02659841,0.1073209,0.0006196121,0.0001483694,0.7834426],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007619748,0.0002785145,0.03993197,0.00004972693,0.00003068625,0.00003782632,0.00002153417,0.929416,0.009667629,0.0001164332,0.01946637,0.0002213262],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04674602,0.004101609,0.9469688,0.0002245745,0.0009738376,0.0001545435,0.00001048637,0.0003388232,0.000481299],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964114,0.00009277288,0.002094066,0.00001583812,0.0001252356,0.00002414897,0.00009645087,0.00002418271,0.001115852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9496654,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8245647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03124810316152414,"score_gpt":0.2902130198347076,"score_spread":0.2589649166731834,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}