{"id":"W3196051021","doi":"10.1007/s40593-021-00266-y","title":"Patterns of Adults with Low Literacy Skills Interacting with an Intelligent Tutoring System","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"Institute of Education Sciences; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Reading comprehension; Comprehension; Reading (process); Literacy; Psychology; Intervention (counseling); Intelligent tutoring system; Computer science; Mathematics education; Cognitive psychology; Multimedia; Pedagogy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006792636,0.0002162852,0.0003336442,0.0005806704,0.00005788503,0.0004031678,0.0009916293,0.00006475871,0.00003219317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002607928,0.0001789325,0.00009892992,0.0004495901,0.00002731236,0.001871749,0.00009671244,0.0004246441,0.000009001007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004636303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007415499,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002938917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001093556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970368,0.000195791,0.001292257,0.0003717774,0.0008537516,0.0002496551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946561,0.0003030944,0.001184366,0.0003329692,0.003399941,0.0001234808],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005843582,0.002510866,0.02691881,0.0002567635,0.000232532,0.0005956712,0.04939597,0.03038082,0.004620603,0.1639541,0.000004395786,0.7205451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004650773,0.002569833,0.009772379,0.04427518,0.00006294766,0.004591313,0.1122396,0.08047359,0.7398129,0.002310475,0.002178862,0.001247829],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5578688,0.0001032416,0.4387394,0.0001207888,0.002990428,0.000090084,0.00000161156,0.00001610536,0.00006956233],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698207,0.00004239965,0.02923454,0.00004553864,0.0007220936,0.000009096694,0.000006383327,0.00001943253,0.00009979353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7351922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7296657,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01335443711519205,"score_gpt":0.3083898184123802,"score_spread":0.2950353812971881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}