{"id":"W3196430628","doi":"10.3390/jimaging7090165","title":"Automated Detection and Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Survey","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","topic":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","field":"Medicine","cited_by":111,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Diabetic retinopathy; Optical coherence tomography; Fundus (uterus); Segmentation; Deep learning; Scope (computer science); Machine learning; Medicine; Optometry; Ophthalmology; Diabetes mellitus","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008099428,0.0008480682,0.003295665,0.01223061,0.0003124004,0.001814601,0.001469444,0.00108041,0.003417851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03076741,0.000616462,0.004031568,0.01234971,0.000534727,0.001912456,0.001011466,0.0008951084,0.0007275285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00149917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003872031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006711346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01132121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943148,0.001442673,0.00216553,0.0007632787,0.001199267,0.0001143056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9717216,0.01963259,0.003299488,0.0005453746,0.004591059,0.0002099523],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004434816,0.00006394322,0.01261943,0.2943791,0.006564959,0.0001577142,0.0002360765,0.0003902748,0.0003913622,0.0008603496,0.01440776,0.6694857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003218522,0.0007952688,0.09053731,0.4897625,0.06294971,0.002905573,0.0009847387,0.0009558782,0.00118933,0.002972665,0.3463779,0.0002472301],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0007196911,0.9976579,0.0002161826,0.0002670174,0.00005240997,0.00002969574,0.0007140611,0.000008846241,0.0003340857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008149014,0.9891993,0.001009349,0.0004164684,0.0001105922,0.00006136281,0.0009711105,0.000007392551,0.00007551901],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01223061,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04283434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05849450532614049,"score_gpt":0.3548473948317635,"score_spread":0.2963528895056231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}