{"id":"W3196867374","doi":"10.1108/ecam-02-2021-0145","title":"An empirical study on non-physical waste factors in the construction industry","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Engineering Construction & Architectural Management","topic":"Construction Project Management and Performance","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Ranking (information retrieval); Sample (material); Empirical research; Quality (philosophy); Population; Process management; Index (typography); Operations management; Performance indicator; Engineering; Computer science; Business; Marketing; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007746357,0.0003993236,0.0004612795,0.004245301,0.001599392,0.002971045,0.0005625785,0.000587063,0.003984086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02660428,0.0003546182,0.0003620562,0.00830474,0.002604499,0.002706678,0.001299425,0.0006913949,0.0003263032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002491439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005864802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006475502,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01257889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9932572,0.00317234,0.0006770669,0.0003638273,0.001959814,0.000569817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9380001,0.04462484,0.008631327,0.001309343,0.006609101,0.0008252444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002239574,0.001336942,0.7116264,0.005277797,0.0001236369,0.002070375,0.12028,0.001933023,0.001669655,0.01092872,0.00138708,0.1431424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001516983,0.0006097985,0.5039453,0.003120197,0.00008305134,0.0007957148,0.4636893,0.001314289,0.001734891,0.00173533,0.02291027,0.00004663995],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9844284,0.001481268,0.00217316,0.0004204393,0.00001335421,0.0002185145,0.0001752688,0.000005467932,0.01108397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954273,0.001963815,0.001533212,0.00008459205,0.000008373751,0.0001042337,0.00009013704,0.000004419504,0.0007838976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007746357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04096711,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04625605768393713,"score_gpt":0.3546766156124662,"score_spread":0.308420557928529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}