{"id":"W3197231371","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.3482","title":"Operative Subsidiarity and Municipal Authority: The Case of Toronto’s Ward Boundary Review","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Subsidiarity; Federalism; Federalist; Law; Constitution; Political science; Public administration; Judicial review; Legislation; Supreme court; Sociology; European union; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00106392,0.00007912771,0.0001865691,0.000002527262,0.001789203,0.0001564011,0.0002643851,0.00004806853,0.000362076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001466663,0.00005392198,0.00007808057,0.0000680626,0.0004072874,0.0003063358,0.00009467395,0.0003262575,0.000005841296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005693937,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001457535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2985612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6767013,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989007,0.0003615508,0.0002520309,0.0001221633,0.0001870486,0.0001764986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992741,0.00009651307,0.0001314888,0.0001307856,0.0001270159,0.0002401482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005789243,0.00002381043,0.00005244525,0.00004252235,0.00002464336,0.00007196239,0.01203504,0.000001203136,0.000029015,0.9819072,0.00113166,0.004674703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004250425,0.0001320583,0.0002459294,0.0002768083,0.0001869146,0.0006773688,0.01518683,0.0002684674,0.00007226222,0.02329488,0.9589785,0.0002549018],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01700928,0.07555778,0.0002023043,0.1113943,0.0001849664,0.0006424064,0.0000747138,0.00003712465,0.7948971],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778574,0.0195802,0.0003564937,0.001804204,0.0003087032,0.000007091218,0.000001107349,0.00000567431,0.0000791882],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.960848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995103,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05799076765675888,"score_gpt":0.3678102621520929,"score_spread":0.3098194944953341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}