{"id":"W3197825199","doi":"10.1088/1361-6552/ac1c47","title":"Teaching introductory astronomy using virtual observations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics Education","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Seneca Polytechnic","funders":"","keywords":"Planetarium; Coursework; Astronomy; Starlight; Computer science; Software; Physics; Mathematics education; Psychology; Stars","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006523872,0.0001278753,0.0001345515,0.0000217524,0.0002860025,0.00005213583,0.00007088835,0.00001592989,0.0001277581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001430726,0.0001446687,0.00006231057,0.000114412,0.00002743516,0.000217114,0.00003740887,0.0001677951,0.0000358093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004471385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004212995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004266876,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002777281,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999272,0.00005913147,0.0001548182,0.0002348226,0.0001091083,0.0001700544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994134,0.00008149983,0.00009011592,0.0002374738,0.0001306552,0.00004687302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002185362,0.0003412477,0.849487,0.00000825714,0.0001046087,1.134396e-7,0.001387219,0.000449712,0.0008604389,0.05332161,0.002108356,0.09192926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007748608,0.00005741881,0.8233147,0.0001093709,0.0005115562,0.000005863681,0.01380573,0.002404838,0.007549419,0.04541203,0.1049342,0.001120014],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8714277,0.0002483345,0.0605607,0.0006888523,0.002671813,0.0001719517,0.00001255782,0.00004555328,0.06417251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849878,0.000001545678,0.008689933,0.0001107812,0.004516003,0.00001452429,0.000368547,0.00001565698,0.001295227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1135601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.589942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03078252833663909,"score_gpt":0.2728966372291906,"score_spread":0.2421141088925515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}