{"id":"W3198338929","doi":"10.1002/ppp.2129","title":"Surface energy balance of sub‐Arctic roads with varying snow regimes and properties in permafrost regions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Permafrost and Periglacial Processes","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Université de Montréal; Université Laval; Effigis (Canada); Center for Northern Studies","funders":"Transport Canada","keywords":"Permafrost; Snow; Snowpack; Levee; Heat flux; Energy balance; Environmental science; Snowmelt; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Flux (metallurgy); Atmospheric sciences; Heat transfer; Geomorphology; Materials science; Mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001258037,0.000282001,0.0004281548,0.00008323511,0.000270134,0.0001525559,0.0001263247,0.0001102068,0.0005131639],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009697663,0.000219002,0.00003167966,0.0005304072,0.0004139263,0.0005081948,0.00004101185,0.0001596876,0.000003973913],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006166568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002400259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003595017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04780267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984661,0.00007561145,0.000302449,0.0004836418,0.0002582815,0.0004139305],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991702,0.0001610252,0.0001116691,0.0001827908,0.0002229718,0.0001512923],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002255229,0.00004858325,0.9859979,0.000764572,0.00001747515,0.00006973679,0.004544191,0.0001124833,0.007044388,0.00004286515,0.00005666235,0.001075606],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002038258,0.0004601248,0.9450957,0.001669242,0.0001023134,0.0008127036,0.005404869,0.003385802,0.03261724,0.0004786052,0.006677295,0.00125782],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740525,0.02070036,0.000008535974,0.0006927353,0.0000989961,0.0001189804,0.002459336,0.00002674947,0.001841735],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9866959,0.01085251,0.00004717665,0.0002482538,0.0001255343,0.000004821498,0.001638576,0.00001360272,0.0003736465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04420765,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9695724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02679707343159785,"score_gpt":0.2183410782537244,"score_spread":0.1915440048221266,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}