{"id":"W3199240253","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13136","title":"Changes in Deep Groundwater Flow Patterns Related to Oil and Gas Activities","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ground Water","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Aquifer; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Sedimentary rock; Structural basin; Geology; Sedimentary basin; Petroleum engineering; Injection well; Water well; Produced water; Hydrology (agriculture); Hydraulic head; Environmental science; Geochemistry; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009389683,0.0001657306,0.0001504083,0.000008672601,0.00007989283,0.00005753798,0.0000903586,0.00008235019,0.003088107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002216187,0.0001264363,0.00002578397,0.00007480459,0.00009313902,0.0002114649,0.0003898084,0.0001166989,0.0002736861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001943317,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001368426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004974623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003090068,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988785,0.00004548861,0.0001350277,0.0003702388,0.0001728805,0.0003979072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996789,0.00001212467,0.00001430163,0.0001897309,0.000001159968,0.0001038576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003877942,0.0002676812,0.6183091,0.00004115015,0.00003704461,0.000424509,0.01478293,0.01405694,0.02763481,0.00002283703,0.00007445909,0.3243098],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001950885,0.0003653517,0.91922,0.00009208533,0.00005629541,0.0003898542,0.007058073,0.01568637,0.01502054,0.002689246,0.03579737,0.001673975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.995559,0.00001987929,0.0005284567,0.001618333,0.0001246099,0.00003857932,0.000001372111,0.00002361693,0.002086118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815676,0.0001756277,0.002072982,0.0008896018,0.00001977068,0.00002727762,0.00001935303,0.0000257308,0.01520208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3226358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005394364785766553,"score_gpt":0.1828159978806142,"score_spread":0.1774216330948477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}