{"id":"W3199368817","doi":"10.1515/jbnst-2024-0013","title":"Payment Habits during Covid-19: Evidence from High-Frequency Transaction Data","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik","topic":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Business; Database transaction; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Payment; Computer science; Medicine; Virology; Database; Finance; Internal medicine; Outbreak","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005385898,0.000330926,0.000293404,0.000383465,0.0004639789,0.0007731291,0.0006312694,0.00009677107,0.00271109],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008812576,0.0003342787,0.00007462145,0.0005132416,0.0001152964,0.003088787,0.0002816199,0.0002744406,0.0008758458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006405431,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002856457,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01286382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005594438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975009,0.00003552722,0.0005511973,0.0009850373,0.0005884474,0.0003388952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981195,0.0008584574,0.0001755124,0.0006339407,0.0001555903,0.00005696449],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000292089,0.0004397266,0.674953,0.002325725,0.001830784,0.0005079568,0.0007721378,0.0004828551,0.006868574,0.09749866,0.02608986,0.1879386],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00111663,0.00001002398,0.8734863,0.0003523356,0.0008917645,0.000005014101,0.0001632184,0.006181317,0.00007091221,0.01094446,0.1058668,0.000911138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8465096,0.02261379,0.08153401,0.03388398,0.005108666,0.00191153,0.003622087,0.001751405,0.003064923],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929703,0.0001924969,0.00275728,0.0004760744,0.0008053224,0.0001490528,0.001493389,0.00006938072,0.001086647],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1985333,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999911,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09106571035195041,"score_gpt":0.3516198374171692,"score_spread":0.2605541270652187,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}