{"id":"W3199721451","doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/ac2363","title":"Perpendicular Diffusion of Energetic Particles: A Complete Analytical Theory","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Perpendicular; Physics; Turbulence; Statistical physics; Diffusion; Limit (mathematics); Random walk; Test particle; Magnetic field; Diffusion process; Classical mechanics; Mechanics; Mathematics; Mathematical analysis; Geometry; Quantum mechanics; Computer science; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001789947,0.0001220282,0.0002401621,0.00002022781,0.0001959215,0.00006469999,0.0002108017,0.00001952422,0.0004060187],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001990143,0.00007692804,0.0003040208,0.0001546824,0.0001598004,0.0000609512,0.0001022242,0.000375925,0.00003635173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001332945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007430425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006711474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.071229e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988173,0.0002696925,0.0002389556,0.0001246166,0.0002899213,0.0002594795],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992527,0.0001494982,0.0001140675,0.0002453016,0.0001068585,0.000131596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001433132,0.0008661235,0.01244213,0.000007600121,0.0004647699,0.00006879814,0.0007968166,0.002248203,0.3441816,0.6155936,0.0002165512,0.0229705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005145627,0.000744845,0.1145505,0.0002477232,0.0014217,0.0003872619,0.0131263,0.4248581,0.06406257,0.3725585,0.001847511,0.001049358],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8783479,0.00003880111,0.1208211,0.0003576185,0.00008180641,0.00002846817,0.00001380819,0.000005566293,0.0003048722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977373,0.000003637045,0.001730946,0.00003975322,0.0003526957,0.000001620573,0.000007998777,0.00001279547,0.0001131802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4226099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4445621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008638403880508723,"score_gpt":0.2258177754374267,"score_spread":0.217179371556918,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}