{"id":"W3200189330","doi":"10.1007/s10479-021-04310-x","title":"The linearization problem of a binary quadratic problem and its applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Operations Research","topic":"Optimization and Packing Problems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Linearization; Mathematics; Bounding overwatch; Quadratic equation; Upper and lower bounds; Quadratic function; Quadratic programming; Mathematical optimization; Nonlinear system; Computer science; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006494521,0.00006359022,0.0001018074,0.0001160841,0.0002993018,0.00009104409,0.000116479,0.00005125157,0.00003921972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001047923,0.00005281261,0.00002371539,0.0008609913,0.00008247365,0.0001459562,0.00005195778,0.0001541023,0.00001084216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006252296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001289652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001134032,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006636816,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990319,0.0001221264,0.000308894,0.0001177169,0.0002505188,0.0001688711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982215,0.0001862719,0.00001693377,0.0002062115,0.001319296,0.00004975016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006223484,0.0001251294,0.0001019424,0.0005003102,0.00006979785,8.114419e-7,0.001164988,0.8367328,0.05163589,0.1013552,0.001911621,0.006395283],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002635527,0.0001233803,0.0002777049,0.0001595685,0.000009635222,0.000007047737,0.0004744762,0.8940126,0.07891929,0.001876485,0.02371068,0.0001655481],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3926018,0.1000801,0.2148543,0.0768369,0.0004335843,0.01864267,0.0006527063,0.001109708,0.1947882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825804,0.007062048,0.007925372,0.00002249494,0.00003151579,0.0003046492,0.0000729626,0.00002308905,0.001977445],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5899786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2302018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1242434956675945,"score_gpt":0.3942712171369139,"score_spread":0.2700277214693194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}