{"id":"W3200327704","doi":"10.1186/s13011-021-00396-5","title":"Patterns, trends and determinants of medical opioid utilization in Canada 2005–2020: characterizing an era of intensive rise and fall","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy","topic":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Hugh Green Foundation","keywords":"Opioid; Oxycodone; Medicine; Medical prescription; Pharmacy; Population; Opioid epidemic; Chronic pain; Fentanyl; Hydrocodone; Psychological intervention; Demography; Emergency medicine; Environmental health; Family medicine; Anesthesia; Internal medicine; Pharmacology; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008164992,0.0003472328,0.0003561786,0.00266709,0.001615659,0.001727427,0.001496527,0.0005381905,0.001917852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002864886,0.0002487449,0.0007430253,0.007351047,0.0009001408,0.0006448965,0.001275719,0.000845467,0.0002613353],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04399138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06793576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9964497,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9975057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986205,0.00006109563,0.00009569079,0.0001718131,0.0005352552,0.00051559],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965637,0.0001191745,0.0007288272,0.00007175158,0.001810904,0.0007056703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009429506,0.00003131929,0.9851656,0.0001066953,0.00008620582,0.00005817772,0.0006861817,0.0003619767,0.0002152961,0.0003893132,0.003496372,0.009308608],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002960255,0.00001418495,0.996469,0.00004568802,0.00001786805,0.0000328666,0.0009412876,0.0006218876,0.00006873723,0.00004011239,0.001737317,0.000008137468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9507829,0.004311452,0.0005208665,0.003859849,0.00004276996,0.00009774804,0.03520203,0.00009622269,0.005086352],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9892476,0.001290213,0.0005209713,0.0003490759,0.00001424938,0.00002605692,0.00758974,0.00001351295,0.0009486651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04399138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3191813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02489295752447621,"score_gpt":0.3250827342309404,"score_spread":0.3001897767064641,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}