{"id":"W3200355573","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0118","title":"Disinformation under a networked authoritarian state: Saudi trolls’ credibility attacks against Jamal Khashoggi","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Information Science","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Disinformation; Credibility; State (computer science); Reputation; Political science; Social media; Authoritarianism; Terrorism; Politics; Media studies; Interrogation; Computer security; Internet privacy; Law; Computer science; Sociology; Democracy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006558241,0.00019356,0.0002532844,0.0002777637,0.003096733,0.005133879,0.00138498,0.0001237935,0.001023465],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002150087,0.0001839125,0.0000788381,0.002998316,0.0007550913,0.04150498,0.0004812016,0.000256141,0.0009171189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005823847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003828061,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004726877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006236875,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959872,0.0001761814,0.0009941236,0.0002393596,0.001819569,0.0007835947],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968489,0.0001234848,0.0005261911,0.0005735813,0.001352756,0.000575114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001959083,0.000178227,0.001328187,0.00007933319,0.0000377199,0.000004190826,0.2687263,0.02487715,0.0001938662,0.2646498,0.04240305,0.3973263],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003010206,0.00008865673,0.09037203,0.0001399121,0.00002044606,0.00001610357,0.1599498,0.06306769,0.0009429912,0.003889679,0.677431,0.001071409],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1975174,0.00001350338,0.01847461,0.004130912,0.001356258,0.0009465493,0.00005165567,0.0001559173,0.7773532],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910181,0.00009831971,0.002284261,0.003845737,0.00009989263,0.00001277637,0.0001503835,0.000005800439,0.002484705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7935007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0509747289134341,"score_gpt":0.3784384775886626,"score_spread":0.3274637486752285,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}