{"id":"W3200395962","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3167374","title":"Engel's Equivalence Scales: Theory and Practice","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Equivalence (formal languages); Mathematics; Mathematical economics; Econometrics; Pure mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02914768,0.001449759,0.002338374,0.009042257,0.002841552,0.007359926,0.003565732,0.002491233,0.0130556],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1251042,0.0007811724,0.001757156,0.01042797,0.01396668,0.01525045,0.006503961,0.005291698,0.001715244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003057867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002182607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002102711,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001300817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.978144,0.0155273,0.00157403,0.001809488,0.002479826,0.0004653965],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9529909,0.03592131,0.001347078,0.005043578,0.00412303,0.0005739623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001395366,0.00002462522,0.0004162116,0.00005695023,0.0000142043,0.00001097387,0.00058,0.0005181949,0.00002164865,0.9587519,0.002102976,0.03748845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007944721,0.000009794062,0.0003488096,0.00006742741,0.000006398182,0.00001731569,0.000332888,0.00154236,0.00003648571,0.9918424,0.005776593,0.00001155785],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02475462,0.01552591,0.7820973,0.01246487,0.001500155,0.000425069,0.0005046322,0.0006465082,0.1620809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5767316,0.005746102,0.4043469,0.00118934,0.001119337,0.001492617,0.0003579241,0.0004411527,0.008575003],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02914768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1541495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03803272325349985,"score_gpt":0.3547139702649144,"score_spread":0.3166812470114145,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}