{"id":"W3200467662","doi":"10.3138/utlj-2021-0023","title":"Combatting corruption and collusion in public procurement: Lessons from Operation Car Wash","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Toronto Law Journal","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social; Governo Brasil","keywords":"Collusion; Procurement; Language change; Incentive; Competition (biology); Enforcement; Law enforcement; Business; Economics; Public economics; Industrial organization; Market economy; Law; Political science; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005994398,0.0004092332,0.0005110879,0.0005653024,0.003386534,0.00397304,0.0008860758,0.001499439,0.003718722],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008866468,0.0002867518,0.0004817988,0.001026006,0.005092616,0.004496092,0.004209104,0.002549394,0.0003260694],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004589585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008722027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02833434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04921458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964926,0.002343608,0.00005934788,0.0001203356,0.0004007868,0.000583247],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9910047,0.005905972,0.0008779768,0.0005184583,0.001100335,0.0005925134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003814566,0.0009531056,0.0420559,0.0008841007,0.0001660284,0.004369341,0.02648967,0.03796984,0.002014724,0.7224982,0.009176257,0.1530413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003563853,0.001322961,0.03299066,0.002368707,0.0002825109,0.001172878,0.09325134,0.05795219,0.006098822,0.5641742,0.2397809,0.0002484142],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6473686,0.00739471,0.04049421,0.07094618,0.0001583799,0.000174743,0.00005591672,0.000112053,0.2332953],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877971,0.002465687,0.003253236,0.001166152,0.00002830782,0.00002646028,0.00001530393,0.00002236588,0.00522547],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02833434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05633885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03938056732264834,"score_gpt":0.2654079623165714,"score_spread":0.2260273949939231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}