{"id":"W3200564348","doi":"10.1002/tl.20461","title":"Student engagement in doctoral programs: Principal factors that facilitate learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Directions for Teaching and Learning","topic":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Principal (computer security); Constructive; Student engagement; Pedagogy; Mathematics education; Psychology; Graduate students; Higher education; Sociology; Political science; Computer science; Process (computing)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001766254,0.0001829505,0.0002574833,0.0001641309,0.004194287,0.00006857796,0.00007594084,0.0001286594,0.0001654178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001425412,0.0001762397,0.00009882748,0.0001747837,0.00003462852,0.0001774663,0.0001028399,0.003068567,0.00001497594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002600554,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002618482,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002475389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002270176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965515,0.001959811,0.0003705497,0.0004101661,0.0001857919,0.0005221727],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984907,0.0009583372,0.0001355831,0.0001373186,0.0000804553,0.0001976164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000165829,0.0002581049,0.7321649,0.0001226896,0.00006166262,0.00000213408,0.1943928,0.001153555,0.00006597416,0.002013438,0.0004912984,0.06925689],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005868511,0.00009405221,0.1457323,0.0001530123,0.00002232396,0.000001158032,0.1742042,0.0003532571,0.000002643147,0.00004966669,0.6786426,0.0001580504],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9882707,0.0007164177,0.001370857,0.001541365,0.001022862,0.0005569578,0.000003216971,0.0002959181,0.006221688],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9308177,0.0001663655,0.001958621,0.00006720637,0.0002129802,0.0002240341,0.00008823991,0.00002783789,0.06643705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6781512,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992314,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3051334960783893,"score_gpt":0.5091864091019781,"score_spread":0.2040529130235888,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}