{"id":"W3201594752","doi":"10.3390/molecules26185584","title":"A Review on Current Status of Biochar Uses in Agriculture","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Molecules","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"FedDev Ontario; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Biochar; Environmental science; Carbon sequestration; Slash-and-char; Agriculture; Amendment; Agricultural productivity; Soil water; Fertilizer; Biomass (ecology); Greenhouse gas; Agroforestry; Natural resource economics; Agronomy; Soil fertility; Soil science; Engineering; Ecology; Waste management; Carbon dioxide; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001067332,0.0003199494,0.001284174,0.00002542559,0.00002273765,0.00001839947,0.0002524013,0.0001724527,0.0001066558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001335858,0.00009989857,0.0005729728,0.0007958061,0.00003149398,0.00001557094,0.00008987654,0.0002920422,0.00002850032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005914785,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004434916,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001260569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003288349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983458,0.0002602525,0.0004828295,0.0003761675,0.000217621,0.0003173569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993381,0.0001374389,0.0002645833,0.00009799079,0.0000651108,0.00009678545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[8.267817e-7,0.0001082561,0.00001141537,0.008261505,0.00001553311,0.00001130747,0.000003347961,1.080268e-7,0.00004604158,0.0001499528,0.001276602,0.9901151],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002573091,0.00005943661,0.00005089802,0.07312977,0.0001256782,0.00000619294,0.00000803534,4.600381e-7,0.00002173728,0.00000819358,0.9263429,0.0002209541],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001001706,0.9979504,7.062478e-8,0.00003397653,0.0001176361,0.0004239659,0.0002546778,0.00001938418,0.0001981738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001164386,0.9988518,0.00001071895,0.0001559586,0.0000702665,0.0000626834,0.0008138392,0.000002075303,0.00002101715],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9898942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4073745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05460634562897516,"score_gpt":0.3133436671852329,"score_spread":0.2587373215562577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}