{"id":"W3201594752","doi":"10.3390/molecules26185584","title":"A Review on Current Status of Biochar Uses in Agriculture","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Molecules","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":180,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"FedDev Ontario; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Biochar; Environmental science; Carbon sequestration; Slash-and-char; Agriculture; Amendment; Agricultural productivity; Soil water; Fertilizer; Biomass (ecology); Greenhouse gas; Agroforestry; Natural resource economics; Agronomy; Soil fertility; Soil science; Engineering; Ecology; Waste management; Carbon dioxide; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005074411,0.000932186,0.001163841,0.002929052,0.0003312268,0.001113552,0.0008143772,0.0009684446,0.008121635],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009116695,0.0003474481,0.0007643175,0.003593802,0.0002907146,0.001415067,0.0006452319,0.001269951,0.002930185],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005977274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001325871,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001315816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002433591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997532,0.00003692893,0.0000404928,0.00004845974,0.00009544769,0.00002548199],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995295,0.0002335526,0.00007415046,0.00001548487,0.0001123013,0.00003508939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007917535,0.00007083526,0.0001866536,0.05844823,0.0001159686,0.000189989,0.00008537782,0.0005382597,0.003601742,0.004428043,0.0415079,0.890748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005656488,0.00005937598,0.0004787279,0.005001771,0.0001100822,0.000392097,0.00003604651,0.00005214662,0.0004127625,0.001023789,0.9924158,0.00001165862],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001580165,0.9972385,0.0001395116,0.0002134388,0.0002723581,0.000006245103,0.0000533313,0.00001195257,0.001906556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005814261,0.9982991,0.0001726262,0.0001297209,0.0001309691,0.000005303793,0.0000505756,0.000002127599,0.0006281136],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008121635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02716959,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05460634562897516,"score_gpt":0.3133436671852329,"score_spread":0.2587373215562577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}