{"id":"W3201808684","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.088","title":"Effects of length-to-diameter ratio, pinewood sawdust, and sodium lignosulfonate on quality of rice straw pellets produced via a flat die pellet mill","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Stockholm Environment Institute","keywords":"Pellets; Pellet; Sawdust; Heat of combustion; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Straw; Pelletizing; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Animal science; Chemistry; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Composite material; Combustion; Waste management; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001283765,0.0002482032,0.0004601161,0.0001055246,0.00002820508,0.00001502042,0.0001595785,0.000146173,0.0000545893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002877165,0.0002459395,0.000100703,0.0003378828,0.00004255907,0.00007619015,0.00009719537,0.00008215381,0.000005168983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004135921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004914345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005994887,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005665626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985542,0.00008740561,0.0004116993,0.0003960039,0.0002741009,0.0002765633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987938,0.0004596851,0.0000978956,0.0003749609,0.0001315709,0.0001421029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006746487,0.0000791486,0.00001739324,0.001330275,0.0001164918,0.00001163024,0.0001337098,0.00298981,0.9936835,0.00003408227,0.0007183598,0.0008181973],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007219061,0.0001085472,0.0001085594,0.0001334105,0.00003728452,0.000002793137,0.0000294962,0.000322848,0.9968966,0.0001955841,0.001183782,0.0002591517],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926124,0.002530276,0.003157923,0.0001248264,0.0002116887,0.0001278953,0.00001799553,0.00009957571,0.001117431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979342,0.0003143931,0.0007867176,0.00009843616,0.00006254056,0.00001736736,0.00001779465,0.00004264769,0.0007259001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005321813,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008085141116802471,"score_gpt":0.2082386026585696,"score_spread":0.2001534615417671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}