{"id":"W3201808684","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.088","title":"Effects of length-to-diameter ratio, pinewood sawdust, and sodium lignosulfonate on quality of rice straw pellets produced via a flat die pellet mill","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Stockholm Environment Institute","keywords":"Pellets; Pellet; Sawdust; Heat of combustion; Materials science; Ultimate tensile strength; Straw; Pelletizing; Biomass (ecology); Bioenergy; Animal science; Chemistry; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Composite material; Combustion; Waste management; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003098888,0.0004258745,0.0002939294,0.0002568577,0.000232754,0.0006179172,0.0002041336,0.000325514,0.001219197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005409979,0.0003283234,0.0004303981,0.0003162164,0.0002584193,0.0004728707,0.0002115674,0.000572403,0.0002052627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002966486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000260691,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002354539,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005349309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997212,0.00004324136,0.00003519493,0.00005958663,0.00007125209,0.00006951889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999335,0.0001848514,0.0001864761,0.0000256814,0.0001223066,0.0001456186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003626743,0.000182733,0.002361592,0.00008864665,0.00004481285,0.0001132031,0.00006365705,0.0004103114,0.9907375,0.0000316083,0.00003697761,0.002302239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003868154,0.001701006,0.02123259,0.000007209395,0.0001060744,0.00004392,0.0001115708,0.00126216,0.9752262,0.00001490145,0.0002402262,0.00001545143],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993746,0.0001877476,0.0001478328,0.0000105599,0.000007463452,0.000003561339,0.00006873835,0.00000896461,0.0001904557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988081,0.0001501443,0.0002184949,0.00001773784,0.000003029841,0.000002898662,0.00009055201,0.00001178206,0.0006972045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002354539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004681706,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008085141116802471,"score_gpt":0.2082386026585696,"score_spread":0.2001534615417671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}