{"id":"W3202039171","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ac2a45","title":"Some First Stars Were Red: Detecting Signatures of Massive Population III Formation through Long-term Stochastic Color Variations","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal Letters","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Stars; Halo; Astrophysics; Galaxy; Star formation; Lyman limit; Astronomy; Accretion (finance); Population; Galaxy formation and evolution; Redshift; Intergalactic medium","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002546333,0.00007949967,0.00009542847,0.0002486482,0.0001812435,0.0003800365,0.000162513,0.0001449848,0.0006790581],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006065553,0.0001090256,0.0001267442,0.0002086281,0.0001784109,0.000131889,0.0003074325,0.0002100252,0.0001296122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000290932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001109422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003603446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0046904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999516,0.000008701671,0.000001685429,0.00001651759,0.000008883829,0.00001253753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996803,0.00004709759,0.00009440269,0.00002749674,0.00003404369,0.0001166276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00019701,0.00005332006,0.9544418,0.00001023881,0.00006685023,0.00009399096,0.0001778505,0.004751457,0.03252177,0.0007055328,0.0003625737,0.006617573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008655797,0.00005453099,0.9727638,0.000003595316,0.00001645288,0.0001134696,0.00009104916,0.02320386,0.002959649,0.0003320475,0.0004429461,0.00000995465],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991812,0.00001398196,0.0004404616,0.00001230121,0.000001026385,0.000001266585,0.00006323573,0.00001756887,0.0002688148],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997256,0.000004923656,0.000156575,0.000004773969,6.489034e-7,6.50486e-7,0.00005496684,0.000002785205,0.00004906849],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003603446,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007164955,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00785485239533781,"score_gpt":0.2163863391543967,"score_spread":0.2085314867590589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}