{"id":"W3203444100","doi":"10.1016/j.cose.2021.102490","title":"Ransomware: Recent advances, analysis, challenges and future research directions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Security","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":248,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"King Saud University","keywords":"Ransomware; Phishing; Computer security; Computer science; Government (linguistics); Internet privacy; Malware; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); The Internet; World Wide Web; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006820308,0.001337068,0.001621834,0.003241391,0.0005867861,0.004194377,0.002224026,0.001970064,0.005901371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01062751,0.0006293601,0.0008567871,0.003342734,0.001973507,0.007749242,0.001328024,0.002528949,0.002759526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007751893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001677733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002047635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003096614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969054,0.0007445361,0.0001866461,0.0006148404,0.001350633,0.0001979241],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9851379,0.008497531,0.001018599,0.0008833704,0.003999826,0.0004627623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000113451,0.0001578788,0.004009777,0.001203981,0.00006007496,0.00005104884,0.0001543424,0.001928086,0.001955851,0.01117713,0.009955238,0.9692332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000926689,0.002134552,0.01733531,0.006848539,0.0005843587,0.004875083,0.003581796,0.2515152,0.02666859,0.1076217,0.5781038,0.0006383084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02770143,0.7883288,0.1489789,0.0143603,0.002013121,0.0001653875,0.0002952535,0.001100904,0.0170559],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1910239,0.5818392,0.2052418,0.003677783,0.005138093,0.0001613055,0.001287063,0.0002856009,0.01134527],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006820308,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03606963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03219693488085095,"score_gpt":0.3272032440124024,"score_spread":0.2950063091315514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}