{"id":"W3203534492","doi":"10.1111/1475-6765.12485","title":"Us versus them: Do the rules of the game encourage negative partisanship?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Political Research","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Sophistication; Context (archaeology); Voting; Affect (linguistics); Politics; Work (physics); Identification (biology); Social psychology; Political science; Economics; Psychology; Sociology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002961104,0.0001996389,0.0004978369,0.0004181945,0.0007656227,0.002711214,0.0004424247,0.0007372866,0.01414145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0359994,0.0002031932,0.0002367986,0.000261735,0.001372383,0.001335711,0.0006803384,0.001237617,0.0008568068],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006449543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004051105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002774671,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005774508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998174,0.00111718,0.00009199914,0.0001919273,0.000240688,0.0001842185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9695407,0.02298355,0.003824518,0.001118968,0.0008555725,0.00167663],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009890631,0.006061171,0.5204844,0.001287164,0.0008507174,0.00117978,0.01120641,0.01755413,0.02320411,0.196879,0.01938378,0.1920187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00128084,0.003646704,0.6720808,0.0002653827,0.0004372472,0.0008176105,0.0161648,0.06927823,0.005538279,0.2019054,0.02837091,0.0002138491],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9484824,0.0001696622,0.002501537,0.001399223,0.00008716046,0.00006011546,0.00008232638,0.00002010757,0.04719752],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985828,0.00003721051,0.0003355496,0.0001482787,0.000008650773,0.00002158207,0.00001575999,0.000008999834,0.0008411821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01414145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04730785,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2959948833082041,"score_gpt":0.4684710630585358,"score_spread":0.1724761797503316,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}