{"id":"W3203799057","doi":"10.5267/j.ac.2021.6.014","title":"Minority investor protection mechanisms and agency costs: An empirical study using a World Bank–developed approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Shareholder; Business; Agency cost; Agency (philosophy); Accounting; Remuneration; Finance; Corporate governance; Asset (computer security); Government (linguistics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006128614,0.0002488005,0.0002818866,0.0001762591,0.0004696517,0.0005825375,0.0001745798,0.00007475891,0.00005230318],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001650489,0.0002572944,0.00004372542,0.00138166,0.00003207501,0.002517995,0.0002544057,0.0002572564,0.00002404506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001023638,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009129711,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002432438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002379579,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982632,0.00003401494,0.0003533969,0.0006498722,0.0003487722,0.0003507315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989849,0.00001502567,0.0003717639,0.000313533,0.0002955919,0.00001921148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005899693,0.0008615488,0.9671922,0.0003049787,0.00005219963,0.0001140259,0.0005116372,0.00005381125,0.006181118,0.002596767,0.0004669021,0.02160582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001059909,0.00002431054,0.9632031,0.00008294085,0.0001239756,0.00001875377,0.001075431,0.02362522,0.0001395821,0.002463008,0.007537392,0.0006463676],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899819,0.00006863816,0.006058356,0.0001469934,0.0003123889,0.0005569177,0.00000202682,0.0001249949,0.002747786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936392,0.000002620987,0.003798813,0.001212343,0.0009006683,0.00005296561,0.00001467535,0.00003328341,0.0003453981],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02357141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07831355855019057,"score_gpt":0.2741547124631451,"score_spread":0.1958411539129545,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}