{"id":"W3203986271","doi":"10.1007/s42330-021-00166-2","title":"Elementary Students’ Epistemic Understandings in Their Classroom Scientific Argumentation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Science Mathematics and Technology Education","topic":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Argumentative; Epistemology; Qualitative research; Mathematics education; Psychology; Pedagogy; Sociology; Philosophy; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009079752,0.0000787172,0.0001335929,0.001042528,0.0003320171,0.0002294676,0.0003527895,0.00006907851,0.0001330025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001398461,0.00007059891,0.00001920925,0.001306139,0.001333892,0.0002128069,0.00002365521,0.0001638438,0.000005486487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000408822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00365462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003316895,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003488728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999025,0.00001608644,0.0003541632,0.0001845855,0.0001651916,0.0002549627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990644,0.00004673489,0.0002301238,0.000171759,0.0003464072,0.0001406019],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002623393,0.0003268007,0.383501,0.00005260658,0.00003286865,0.00003032379,0.01527887,0.000002578895,0.005749472,0.5825133,0.002024956,0.01048452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003206907,0.00009836876,0.0673959,0.0002118998,0.00002027976,0.0008713649,0.5560516,0.00001368434,0.00197507,0.3715841,0.001294661,0.000162366],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9884387,0.001403854,0.0001129424,0.006955203,0.001506256,0.00009488438,0.000002792167,0.000004826042,0.001480568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962639,0.00003293364,0.003195044,0.00007278449,0.00002813894,0.000008489173,0.000003574088,0.000004708155,0.0003904194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5407727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6483139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03116640424691458,"score_gpt":0.3273600480974014,"score_spread":0.2961936438504868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}