{"id":"W3204045257","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2021.665297","title":"Africa's “Seed” Revolution and Value Chain Constraints to Early Generation Seeds Commercialization and Adoption in Ghana","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","topic":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"St. Francis Xavier University","keywords":"Commercialization; Distribution (mathematics); Business; Value (mathematics); Value chain; Marketing; Corporate governance; Supply chain; Private sector; Accountability; Economics; Economic growth; Political science; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006142405,0.0001196124,0.0001977093,0.00007160897,0.00019666,0.0002227202,0.00005605914,0.0001304695,0.000005986674],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001612189,0.00006361445,0.00001534456,0.0012166,0.00003967523,0.0004813909,0.00005159765,0.0001043143,6.999252e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001535312,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001878663,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001047702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005686764,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998715,0.0002802466,0.0003043897,0.0002895344,0.0001446275,0.0002661904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995022,0.00005408434,0.0001083943,0.00004275386,0.0002296168,0.00006294005],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002125235,0.000473217,0.6344983,0.0005403591,0.000112377,0.0001418392,0.01253008,0.002021895,0.04672646,0.2086077,0.01777281,0.07636247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008321978,0.001114776,0.6981254,0.000298778,0.00003507742,0.00005828058,0.2588513,0.00852588,0.000368661,0.0013193,0.02969872,0.0007716001],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934528,0.002443782,0.001342629,0.001180361,0.0002792453,0.0005561577,0.00001354483,0.00002104247,0.0007103873],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980472,0.00008870924,0.0005689173,0.0000508339,0.0001531495,0.00005989948,0.0001007437,0.00000126733,0.0009292194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2463212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2594122,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02428752975668151,"score_gpt":0.2230427840855218,"score_spread":0.1987552543288403,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}