{"id":"W3204334243","doi":"10.1111/sjpe.12302","title":"Policy innovation through noise in implementation: Best to be grey (or silver) on Friday, in Halifax","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scottish Journal of Political Economy","topic":"Traffic and Road Safety","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Judgement; Unintended consequences; Noise (video); Set (abstract data type); Public economics; Economics; Policy development; Actuarial science; Econometrics; Computer science; Business; Political science; Artificial intelligence; Economic policy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002033698,0.0001322314,0.0002808554,0.0003074002,0.00002707992,0.00005854344,0.000119042,0.0000756665,0.0002925365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001159641,0.0001308968,0.00005511602,0.00061107,0.00002469974,0.0003546896,0.00002716078,0.0003009546,0.00003200904],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004584342,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003509696,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002375475,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001001383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998486,0.00003818588,0.0008158506,0.0001286409,0.0001118023,0.0004194975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999477,0.00008876152,0.0000608566,0.0001138383,0.0001138666,0.0001456665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006729284,0.0001583805,0.004255667,0.00007821845,0.00005572729,0.0004263425,0.0007367996,0.008036172,0.0001282678,0.9726503,0.005694849,0.007711975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0245602,0.002645752,0.4134928,0.002321139,0.0001414355,0.002341581,0.02702615,0.002206789,0.04343529,0.2225038,0.2561473,0.003177733],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9025847,0.00009138531,0.001397911,0.02257254,0.0006039286,0.0002220107,0.00009016696,0.00003137847,0.07240597],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944084,0.00002054556,0.001424385,0.003571772,0.0004709671,0.000005468563,0.00001043866,0.00001993667,0.00006808795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7501464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5337817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02980243664499,"score_gpt":0.3150242156836387,"score_spread":0.2852217790386487,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}