{"id":"W3204465214","doi":"10.32866/001c.28345","title":"Police Enforcement of Cycling Offences: A Case Study in Winnipeg, Manitoba","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Findings","topic":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Census; Enforcement; Immigration; Law enforcement; Equity (law); Criminology; Unavailability; Demographic economics; Geography; Political science; Demography; Sociology; Law; Engineering; Economics; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003983544,0.00005199021,0.000111076,0.00008369127,0.0001518083,0.00004126545,0.0001041145,0.00002915048,0.001841121],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005107229,0.00005492731,0.00006418526,0.0003099205,0.00004486679,0.0001062852,0.00005770229,0.00007071997,0.00001396956],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007578247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005913705,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4015019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4736889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991828,0.00008163152,0.000238885,0.0001373782,0.0001889087,0.0001703777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996976,0.00005215201,0.00005264905,0.0001019127,0.00005630032,0.00003936998],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004150866,0.0006476056,0.7473072,0.00002914248,0.00002988541,0.0005378245,0.2461349,0.0000091217,0.0003623793,0.002575729,0.0005709887,0.001791061],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005439128,0.0001425642,0.03411527,0.0001628058,0.00002673138,0.00004069739,0.9590089,0.00002993685,0.001178757,0.0001506929,0.004453172,0.0001465763],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856753,0.000023927,0.00002348162,0.00008316538,0.0001618096,0.0001558095,0.000006639936,0.00001100365,0.01385884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988928,0.000007013951,0.00004891182,0.00003898235,0.00005855954,0.00001196367,0.000001970102,0.000003856969,0.0009359083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.713192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09760308172042757,"score_gpt":0.4006368441983997,"score_spread":0.3030337624779721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}