{"id":"W3205053887","doi":"10.1111/risa.13834","title":"The “Inherent Vices” of Policy Design: Uncertainty, Maliciousness, and Noncompliance","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Risk Analysis","topic":"Public Policy and Administration Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"National University of Singapore","keywords":"Portfolio; Risk analysis (engineering); Public policy; Work (physics); Government (linguistics); Risk management; Volatility (finance); Management science; Product (mathematics); Economics; Computer science; Actuarial science; Public economics; Business; Engineering; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001190285,0.00005976139,0.0001642287,0.0001067827,0.0008148319,0.000171336,0.0002317103,0.00004514338,0.0001414078],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009194886,0.00004407971,0.0001116421,0.002187578,0.0003848099,0.00007378741,0.00005465691,0.00009118073,0.000007899687],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005142631,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008755961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03168196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05095972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984036,0.0006547269,0.0001865385,0.0001612388,0.0003369035,0.0002569716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986541,0.0006550085,0.0001253014,0.0002201686,0.0002164019,0.0001290144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001113149,0.0004409608,0.1838473,0.00005933953,0.004359582,0.00002835921,0.0211597,0.00828709,0.0004820551,0.6105751,0.009861791,0.1607874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008619991,0.0001062721,0.1361853,0.00004183636,0.001402194,0.000003101347,0.03026988,0.03186735,0.001605538,0.05022806,0.7468078,0.0006207016],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6746884,0.01137098,0.03109341,0.1465183,0.0002105687,0.0008980744,0.0003122551,0.0001582214,0.1347498],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921435,0.004372026,0.000211673,0.0001441402,0.0001164093,0.00001064545,0.000004262446,0.000002731063,0.00299465],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7369459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9747661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04196929245662911,"score_gpt":0.4011777726429622,"score_spread":0.3592084801863331,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}