{"id":"W3205521780","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0258308","title":"Risk factors for increased COVID-19 case-fatality in the United States: A county-level analysis during the first wave","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","field":"Medicine","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; SickKids Foundation; Hospital for Sick Children","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Case fatality rate; Demography; Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Public health; Medicine; Population; Psychological intervention; Negative binomial distribution; Environmental health; Gerontology; Geography; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001024485,0.0002319275,0.0003154877,0.001051599,0.0005508098,0.000702637,0.0005016482,0.000400589,0.001387145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003392858,0.0003198415,0.0009272547,0.001225809,0.0001913778,0.0004037746,0.001007837,0.0009418152,0.0001657645],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006338753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001013136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1068533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1582793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992662,0.0002157184,0.00005989478,0.0001858164,0.00007948333,0.0001928985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976567,0.0004486482,0.0008446093,0.0002350498,0.0003843883,0.0004305304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005720575,0.0000265893,0.9976463,0.00001341739,0.00009980961,0.00002996488,0.0000543466,0.0002278305,0.0000407581,0.00002968667,0.0009570039,0.0008170799],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006895807,0.00004075173,0.9978023,0.00001731068,0.00005781371,0.00005864629,0.0003881009,0.001072327,0.00002717811,0.00003807946,0.000483751,0.000006775458],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931899,0.0003731417,0.0003448646,0.0002992399,0.0000174274,0.00001577799,0.005333,0.00001802319,0.0004085832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948933,0.0001571199,0.0002910784,0.00007756145,0.00001543211,0.0000257147,0.004284527,0.000007784613,0.0002474937],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1068533,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2124627,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2232623067948659,"score_gpt":0.3673218618493144,"score_spread":0.1440595550544485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}