{"id":"W3205619972","doi":"10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553172","title":"Building Change Detection in Off-Nadir Images Using Deep Learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Nadir; Deep learning; Ground truth; Change detection; Computer science; Footprint; Remote sensing; Satellite; Artificial intelligence; Tracking (education); Satellite imagery; Computer vision; Geology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002675137,0.0007613705,0.0004759732,0.001485028,0.0002476627,0.0006055347,0.0007248506,0.0004335796,0.001258519],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004562489,0.0003011847,0.0007077866,0.001020989,0.0002975656,0.0006860041,0.0005995352,0.0006561277,0.000659333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006227864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004396269,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02136633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04683775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997479,0.00001756104,0.000009241849,0.00009879589,0.00006215815,0.00006416326],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998455,0.0000240294,0.00002571288,0.00002960124,0.00006049927,0.00001453515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003238207,0.0004611722,0.03360862,0.0001556345,0.000224442,0.0003129328,0.0002030493,0.2332766,0.05545866,0.001050534,0.00594384,0.6689807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006911757,0.00003298572,0.0128767,0.00001049048,0.0000242599,0.00004578413,0.00006802495,0.9730586,0.01211042,0.0004761137,0.001278526,0.00001110211],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6789303,0.0006828363,0.3031118,0.0002932927,0.0001458273,0.0001325633,0.00147307,0.006589473,0.008640792],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9062387,0.0001914917,0.08827902,0.000109568,0.00002896451,0.00003548475,0.00214778,0.0001054814,0.002863436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02136633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04248393,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03239892195790438,"score_gpt":0.254495889791729,"score_spread":0.2220969678338246,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}