{"id":"W3206314104","doi":"10.1111/ajae.12268","title":"Using inferred valuation to quantify survey and social desirability bias in stated preference research","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Alberta; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Referendum; Preference; Social desirability bias; Social desirability; Contingent valuation; General Social Survey; Survey data collection; Referent; Social preferences; Valuation (finance); Survey instrument; Survey research; Reporting bias; Social psychology; Psychology; Willingness to pay; Economics; Statistics; Political science; Microeconomics; MEDLINE; Applied psychology; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004196035,0.0001214223,0.0005477931,0.000198551,0.0001025669,0.0001074762,0.0001370563,0.00005537079,0.00004137808],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005745146,0.000120129,0.00007174857,0.0003467673,0.0001383864,0.0004313486,0.00008642681,0.0002541784,0.00003051574],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000697549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008708195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009866973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007768984,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977733,0.0002701435,0.001363906,0.0002970867,0.00004384141,0.0002516897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981881,0.0002327144,0.001236125,0.0001047975,0.0001408976,0.00009740514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004350254,0.00007217289,0.9875705,0.000006156227,0.00003581205,9.698357e-7,0.001312384,0.006338341,0.0003200982,0.00184177,0.00003033976,0.002427921],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003745671,0.0001570125,0.9939119,0.000009831254,0.000003577073,0.00001640067,0.002027833,0.0008409809,0.0001781636,0.002267995,0.0000568631,0.0001549122],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986005,0.0001050222,0.0002784775,0.0005735686,0.0001270107,0.0001264936,0.00005868452,0.000002724474,0.000127521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973862,0.0002225873,0.002182333,0.00008455708,0.00005875347,0.000002669616,0.00002954107,0.000009491373,0.00002389754],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006341332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4898717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6932762573644689,"score_gpt":0.3655499014428434,"score_spread":0.3277263559216255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}