{"id":"W3207215146","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2108337118","title":"Opt-out choice framing attenuates gender differences in the decision to compete in the laboratory and in the field","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Perception; Framing (construction); Competition (biology); Opt-out; Promotion (chess); Social psychology; Psychology; Task (project management); Social comparison theory; Economics; Public relations; Political science; Business; Advertising; Management; Engineering; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002525462,0.0003665501,0.0004944128,0.000248012,0.0004826875,0.001480464,0.0003793704,0.0007428267,0.02030648],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01041748,0.0002786671,0.0001593886,0.0001259987,0.001054286,0.0004851267,0.0008247957,0.001257234,0.001123701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004447073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004502205,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001098486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001208918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985909,0.0006903812,0.00005059825,0.0002068222,0.0002744751,0.0001868056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9902076,0.005552471,0.001841886,0.001085311,0.0002510112,0.001061705],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04746239,0.07877212,0.2550191,0.0008583442,0.0003060693,0.001202618,0.0204603,0.001582607,0.3680525,0.03955026,0.0109623,0.1757714],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002233764,0.02206277,0.8656416,0.0002707888,0.0002865909,0.0004601506,0.01045511,0.009292249,0.03770104,0.03074949,0.02066343,0.0001829959],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908807,0.00003244747,0.0005408541,0.0002681176,0.00005631107,0.00002519628,0.00003722946,0.00001534322,0.00814366],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946288,0.00003396968,0.0006302904,0.0002726318,0.00002811095,0.00006078605,0.00004889479,0.00002061356,0.004275983],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02030648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06793201,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09378044008778022,"score_gpt":0.3913357327654643,"score_spread":0.2975552926776841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}