{"id":"W3207406191","doi":"10.1109/access.2021.3120419","title":"Automatic Modulation Classification: A Deep Architecture Survey","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":157,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Computer science; Deep learning; Convolutional neural network; Modulation (music); Artificial intelligence; Wireless; Signal processing; Artificial neural network; Machine learning; Pattern recognition (psychology); Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006097067,0.0009490069,0.000625861,0.0008907206,0.0002587965,0.001166065,0.001326463,0.0009178547,0.002535861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001277401,0.0003473404,0.0004911749,0.001099462,0.0004035893,0.001562497,0.0007832925,0.00139902,0.00125776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006506236,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007098216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003244036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003195358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997684,0.00004264608,0.00001822937,0.00006338076,0.00007970255,0.00002758568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996376,0.0001429903,0.0000256478,0.00005051294,0.0001218743,0.0000214094],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006522139,0.0001157981,0.001715283,0.0004594671,0.00008974802,0.00004535426,0.00006599837,0.04002711,0.004675244,0.01885187,0.01259044,0.9212984],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001928668,0.0002731108,0.00234819,0.0003498261,0.0001293196,0.0002698064,0.0001011224,0.8651476,0.01143384,0.0420515,0.07781672,0.00005968654],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.03292377,0.1115881,0.8243777,0.004109886,0.0006530602,0.0001241855,0.0006164615,0.001851274,0.02375555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5342765,0.1402521,0.2819659,0.002533176,0.001364659,0.0002923842,0.003998726,0.0003856116,0.0349309],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.003244036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008483291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08085182175646803,"score_gpt":0.3209410406793151,"score_spread":0.2400892189228471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}