{"id":"W3207899446","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2103420118","title":"The Association of Opening K-12 Schools with the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States: County-Level Panel Data Analysis","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Panel data; Confounding; Percentage point; Demography; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Association (psychology); Demographic economics; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Medicine; Psychology; Geography; Statistics; Econometrics; Economics; Sociology; Mathematics; Outbreak","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003930052,0.0001420348,0.0004096614,0.0001030686,0.0003162935,0.00003236667,0.001213172,0.0000728261,0.00002126012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009957995,0.00007294904,0.0001021539,0.002754688,0.0001853137,0.0001298268,0.0005587831,0.0002888322,0.000002071014],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002939566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001964587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002987436,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01344459,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976641,0.001202154,0.0003155367,0.0003713643,0.0002046054,0.0002422368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9812084,0.01671028,0.0005930336,0.001173754,0.0002679508,0.00004653348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002178436,0.0002216489,0.7845454,0.0001071771,0.002356221,0.00008254878,0.002558006,0.1111666,0.00003091523,0.09188943,0.006775158,0.00004898168],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004876284,0.0002920099,0.4135545,0.0001982625,0.008446531,0.000005133466,0.1355114,0.2320267,0.0001415376,0.1592623,0.04472639,0.0009589557],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9148558,0.00008053835,0.0769917,0.006879477,0.00002002656,0.0003920527,0.0003427011,0.00002956385,0.0004080987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979308,0.0004305527,0.0002441438,0.0008326441,0.000009307772,0.000001322982,0.00008445294,0.000006631351,0.0004601181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3709909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4891846102300075,"score_gpt":0.3323248398049334,"score_spread":0.156859770425074,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}