{"id":"W3208079693","doi":"10.3389/fceng.2021.785709","title":"Challenges and Perspective of Recent Biomass Pretreatment Solvents","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Chemical Engineering","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology; European Social Fund; State University of New York","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Biorefinery; Cellulose; Lignin; Hemicellulose; Pulp and paper industry; Raw material; Solvent; Ionic liquid; Fractionation; Lignocellulosic biomass; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Deep eutectic solvent; Chemical engineering; Environmental science; Catalysis; Eutectic system; Agronomy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006685409,0.001076739,0.001391001,0.001427966,0.001600078,0.004382696,0.002456279,0.004954554,0.01054589],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003629996,0.00053369,0.001058197,0.001397311,0.002170858,0.008280505,0.003406162,0.006001311,0.004652952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001945409,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003557818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001235462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002224338,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977576,0.0004559286,0.0001685583,0.0003948757,0.0009303843,0.0002926565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959786,0.001590467,0.0003550536,0.0001830367,0.001481742,0.00041107],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006285702,0.0005003233,0.001327545,0.01538045,0.0001328916,0.001795789,0.0006302269,0.004046507,0.03320033,0.1310307,0.1021374,0.7091893],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002364102,0.000328413,0.0004509886,0.001303402,0.000041121,0.001169395,0.000850661,0.000959182,0.01046521,0.02898321,0.9553575,0.00006743184],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005763911,0.8978812,0.008659787,0.05975576,0.003911226,0.00004543457,0.0002118817,0.0001462877,0.02362465],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04669904,0.8847135,0.01973563,0.02360159,0.005616071,0.0001923516,0.0006077517,0.0001313737,0.01870281],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01054589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03535622,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01085551005296159,"score_gpt":0.2053915866410402,"score_spread":0.1945360765880786,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}