{"id":"W3208331988","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stac130","title":"Realistic galaxy image simulation via score-based generative models","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Argonne National Laboratory; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; Queen's University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Portsmouth; University of Hertfordshire; Office of Science; University of Edinburgh; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University; National Research Foundation of Korea; University of Sussex; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; University College London; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; National Centre for Supercomputing Applications; Texas A and M University; University of Chicago; Ohio State University; California Institute of Technology; Higher Education Funding Council for England; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Division of Astronomical Sciences; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; University of Pennsylvania; University of Nottingham; Stanford University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Yonsei University; University of Michigan; Royal Society; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Galaxy; Computer science; Sky; Inference; Artificial intelligence; Similarity (geometry); Ground truth; Physics; Astrophysics; Image (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000541854,0.000448858,0.0006030553,0.00002990926,0.0004297573,0.0002565378,0.002384956,0.0002133054,0.00009081569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005567422,0.0003611645,0.00105714,0.0001559841,0.00027645,0.0002514537,0.003282162,0.0008091914,0.000003444533],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004031251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002743511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006898246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002869745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969848,0.0005073351,0.0006324707,0.0009018678,0.0005336116,0.0004399367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972427,0.0004109507,0.0007698876,0.001277726,0.0001749563,0.0001238045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002393987,0.00009593474,0.0001747392,0.00003748666,0.0001358299,2.505007e-7,0.0003098427,0.9970875,0.00001981607,0.0001179958,0.0007075896,0.001289052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002999094,0.000052634,0.002768555,0.00004087525,0.0001043377,2.571357e-9,0.00002588205,0.994848,0.000563183,0.00085419,0.0001076121,0.0003348277],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07176679,0.0001196164,0.9249099,0.0009404107,0.0009786913,0.000649813,0.000190483,0.00007306279,0.0003712554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8167166,1.731921e-7,0.1826469,0.0001201348,0.000280743,0.00006006194,0.00005729189,0.00002676535,0.00009133247],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7449498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02104162935031242,"score_gpt":0.2331575025165181,"score_spread":0.2121158731662057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}