{"id":"W3208933762","doi":"10.1057/s41308-022-00196-2","title":"The Fiscal and Welfare Effects of Policy Responses to the Covid-19 School Closures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IMF Economic Review","topic":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte; H2020 European Research Council; Banca d'Italia; Emory University; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; McMaster University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Earnings; Welfare; Demographic economics; Quartile; Economics; School choice; Closure (psychology); Psychology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003464474,0.0003248816,0.0004697913,0.001463104,0.0005330436,0.001945471,0.000672662,0.001155453,0.003408434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008234181,0.0002102276,0.0005133318,0.001993668,0.001153851,0.0008129493,0.001345402,0.001473159,0.0003090518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005053149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00284394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04235486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04230103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985402,0.0004774226,0.00005510109,0.00006999297,0.0002507066,0.0006066084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996886,0.0007633616,0.001226056,0.00009603409,0.0007278607,0.0003007261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004371574,0.001502937,0.2433262,0.00201226,0.001093451,0.001931929,0.002476277,0.06482646,0.002072692,0.3245545,0.0951547,0.2566769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003371663,0.0006843006,0.8040898,0.002501435,0.0004468066,0.0003917253,0.008276252,0.01060399,0.001322874,0.04737097,0.1238701,0.0001045208],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8258134,0.03911371,0.001375146,0.03829044,0.0005225964,0.0001008255,0.005503447,0.00005139164,0.08922902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9797061,0.01492013,0.000239584,0.001147349,0.0001441649,0.00002923187,0.0008594891,0.0000166152,0.002937408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04235486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08421665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04401075408367747,"score_gpt":0.3273170815783549,"score_spread":0.2833063274946774,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}