{"id":"W3209912268","doi":"10.1186/s41239-021-00292-9","title":"The impact of artificial intelligence on learner–instructor interaction in online learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":707,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology; Seoul National University","keywords":"Agency (philosophy); Feeling; Computer science; Presentation (obstetrics); Scale (ratio); Artificial intelligence; Knowledge management; Psychology; Multimedia; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005281457,0.0003604532,0.0002655818,0.001100793,0.002877746,0.006920663,0.000982568,0.001132923,0.003841881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02790386,0.0002317589,0.000286246,0.0004796455,0.002629589,0.00436284,0.004151072,0.001131808,0.0004908036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001256834,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001084204,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009238261,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001177817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9914397,0.006164789,0.0002805369,0.0005812744,0.001119126,0.0004144816],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9666482,0.02625036,0.002530848,0.001508644,0.001742791,0.001319121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003934476,0.0008802782,0.195251,0.0006261903,0.00008425198,0.00126401,0.5370752,0.001450133,0.01048077,0.01069518,0.002540428,0.239259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005584503,0.001572706,0.2847302,0.0007212529,0.0001949942,0.002886342,0.5488296,0.02152807,0.01871593,0.01415655,0.1062903,0.0003181989],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752363,0.0001760268,0.007762976,0.0008386797,0.00004531421,0.00009021859,0.00004445874,0.00007280931,0.0157332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944656,0.000108738,0.003441779,0.0001341678,0.00002438428,0.00004168932,0.00002308917,0.00002169151,0.0017388],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006920663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02793139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03131524581692276,"score_gpt":0.3970904168310022,"score_spread":0.3657751710140795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}