{"id":"W3210085046","doi":"10.3390/sym13112073","title":"Categorizing Diseases from Leaf Images Using a Hybrid Learning Model","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Symmetry","topic":"Smart Agriculture and AI","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Convolutional neural network; Pattern recognition (psychology); Cluster analysis; Identification (biology); Machine learning; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003387351,0.0006356785,0.0004610039,0.00102304,0.0001612471,0.0006920749,0.0005986103,0.000701142,0.0007052768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004903222,0.000185935,0.0007781094,0.0004134073,0.0002005417,0.000500092,0.0003519944,0.0004946058,0.0004084409],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000550194,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000334067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005403519,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005512136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998549,0.00001407493,0.000009975379,0.00005935219,0.0000359222,0.00002571996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997881,0.00006678092,0.00002551698,0.00001541182,0.00009000833,0.0000141799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007214652,0.0007946369,0.02873662,0.0001939934,0.000252059,0.0003884995,0.0002272878,0.405815,0.08039871,0.00123764,0.002594526,0.4786396],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004288027,0.0000772648,0.002607471,0.000007885737,0.0000201862,0.00004697807,0.00001830329,0.9935154,0.003238383,0.000235753,0.0002194971,0.0000086231],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5882022,0.001189144,0.4024896,0.0004330859,0.000136511,0.0002612751,0.0007163118,0.001724887,0.004846912],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9289536,0.000405074,0.06563741,0.000196514,0.00004252986,0.0001313565,0.0007467594,0.0000282711,0.003858488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005403519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01074415,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01904170414180975,"score_gpt":0.2185982195256411,"score_spread":0.1995565153838313,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}